name: meta-ads-analyzer
description: Diagnose Meta Ads campaign performance and account gaps using Meta's actual system mechanics — including customer-journey coverage, Breakdown Effect, Learning Phase, Auction Overlap, Pacing, and Creative Fatigue. Use for performance diagnosis, account audits, full-funnel or TOF/MOF/BOF gap analysis, deciding what to test or create next, and producing novice-friendly recommendations without forcing every campaign or ad into a funnel stage.
tags: [ads]

Meta Ads Analyzer

Most "Meta Ads analysis" stops at "this CPA is high, pause it." That's wrong more often than it's right. Meta's delivery system optimizes for marginal efficiency — the cost of the next conversion — not average efficiency across a snapshot. A segment with a higher average CPA is often the one keeping your overall campaign cheap. Pausing it makes things worse.

This skill diagnoses Meta campaigns the way a senior media buyer would: at the right evaluation level, accounting for learning state, separating noise from signal, and explaining why the system is making the decisions it's making before recommending any change. It can also audit whether the account supports the complete customer journey without assuming that TOF, MOF, and BOF must be separate campaigns.

Core principle: Holistic first, then drill down. Marginal over average. Customer-journey coverage over rigid funnel structure. Dynamic over static. Every recommendation is a testable hypothesis with expected impact, not a directive.

For account audits, full-funnel reviews, or questions about what is missing, read and apply references/customer-journey-coverage.md before analyzing the account.

When to Use

• "Analyze my Meta Ads campaign performance"
• "Why is the system spending more on the higher-CPA placement?"
• "Diagnose what's wrong with this ad set"
• "Should I pause this audience / placement / ad?"
• "My CPA jumped — is this normal or a real problem?"
• "Audit this campaign before I scale budget"
• "I exported my Meta data — what does it actually mean?"
• "Audit my Meta ad account and tell me what is missing"
• "Do I have enough TOF, MOF, and BOF coverage?"
• "Why are customers not moving through the funnel?"
• "What ads should I create next?"

Phase 0: Intake

1. Campaign data — One of:
   • CSV export from Meta Ads Manager (Campaign / Ad Set / Ad level + breakdowns)
   • Pasted performance table
   • Screenshots (we'll extract the metrics)
   • Live data via your existing Meta Marketing API connection
2. Campaign setup:
   • Objective (Awareness / Traffic / Engagement / Lead Gen / Conversions / Sales / App Installs)
   • Budget type (Advantage+ Campaign Budget = CBO, or Ad Set Budget = ABO)
   • Placements (Automatic vs. manual)
   • Number of ad sets and ads
3. Time period — Date range covered, with any known events (creative refresh, budget change, audience edit, account issue)
4. Target metrics — CPA target, ROAS target, or "no target — benchmark me"
5. Funnel context (if relevant) — On-platform conversion vs. website event vs. downstream qualification rate
6. What's making you ask? — Specific concern ("CPA up 40%"), routine review, or pre-scale audit
7. Account coverage evidence (for account/funnel audits, when available):
   • Campaign objective, optimization event, and attribution setting
   • Audience strategy, exclusions, and retargeting windows
   • Creative format, message, proof, offer, and landing-page destination
   • Pixel/CAPI and relevant conversion-event health
   • Campaign, ad-set, and ad-level spend and results
8. Report style — guided by default; use expert when the user asks for technical detail or demonstrates strong media-buying knowledge

Do not block when some coverage fields are absent. Record what is missing, lower confidence, and distinguish "no evidence available" from "the account has no coverage."

Phase 1: Identify the Correct Evaluation Level

This is the most important step. Evaluating at the wrong level is the #1 source of wrong recommendations.

Campaign Setup	Correct Evaluation Level	Why
Advantage+ Campaign Budget (CBO)	Campaign level	System pools budget across ad sets — only campaign totals reflect reality
Automatic placements (no CBO)	Ad Set level	System pools budget across placements within the ad set
Multiple ads in 1 ad set	Ad Set level	System pools delivery across ads
Manual placements + ABO	Placement / Ad Set level	Each is independent

Output for this phase: State the evaluation level explicitly and explain why before any metric is interpreted.

If asked "is this Meta placement underperforming?" on a CBO campaign, the answer is "wrong question — at CBO the placement-level CPA is misleading. Here's the campaign total..."

Phase 2: Check Learning Phase Status

Before judging anything, check delivery state per ad set.

Learning state checklist:

• Status is Learning (delivery less stable, CPA typically higher, results not predictive)
• Exits after ~50 optimization events within 7 days of last significant edit
• Shops ads exception: 17 website purchases + 5 Meta purchases
• Status Learning Limited = can't get enough events → flag as a structural issue, not a performance issue

Significant edits that reset learning:

• Targeting changes
• Optimization event change
• Creative changes (large)
• Bid strategy / amount changes
• Budget changes >20%

Output for this phase: Per ad set, mark Active / Learning / Learning Limited. Caveat all conclusions for anything in learning. Do not recommend pausing a Learning ad set based on CPA alone.

Phase 3: Diagnose with Meta-Specific Lenses

Run the diagnosis through these six lenses. Each one explains a different class of "weird" behavior.

3A: Marginal Efficiency Analysis (Breakdown Effect)

The Breakdown Effect: the system shifts budget toward segments where the next conversion is cheapest, not where the average conversion is cheapest. A segment can have a high average CPA in a breakdown report and still be the right place for budget.

How to spot it:

• Time-series the segment's CPA. If marginal CPA is rising sharply, expect the system to shift budget out — even if average looks fine.
• A breakdown row with high average CPA + high spend usually means the system found cheap marginal conversions there earlier in the period.

Mandatory framing in the report: Never recommend pausing a segment based solely on higher average CPA/CPM in a breakdown report. Removing it will often raise total cost. Frame any cut as a hypothesis to test with a holdout, not an instruction.

3B: Ad Relevance Diagnostics

For each ad with sufficient impressions (~500+), check the three rankings:

Ranking	Below Average →	Action
Quality Ranking	Creative is the problem	Test new creative formats / hooks
Engagement Rate Ranking	Hook isn't pulling	Test new opener / first 3 seconds
Conversion Rate Ranking	Post-click is leaking	Audit landing page (use ad-to-landing-page-auditor)

Two below average + one average = creative refresh. All three below average = scrap and rebuild.

3C: Auction Overlap Check

Symptoms: ad sets in the same campaign chronically Learning Limited, underspending budget, or showing erratic delivery.

Causes: Overlapping audiences within the same ad account / Page mean only one of your ads enters each auction (Meta picks the highest-value one; the others are excluded — you don't bid against yourself, but the suppressed ad sets can't learn).

Action:

• Run Account Overview → Opportunity Score for explicit overlap flags
• Combine similar ad sets (consolidate learning) or pause the weaker overlapping ones

3D: Pacing Analysis

Pacing = the system smoothing budget across the day/period to capture the best opportunities. Daily snapshots will look uneven by design.

How to read it:

• Evaluate spend over the full campaign window, not single days
• If the system is consistently underspending budget, that's a pacing/learning issue, not a "good thrift" — usually points to overlap, narrow audience, or bid-strategy mismatch
• Ignore "$X budget unspent today" alarms unless sustained over 3+ days

3E: Performance Fluctuation Assessment

Distinguish noise from trend before recommending anything.

Signal	Verdict
Day-to-day CPA swing within 20–30%	Normal — ignore
Weekend vs. weekday delta	Normal — control for it
Gradual change over weeks	Trend — investigate
Sudden ≥50% cost increase sustained 3+ days	Real problem — diagnose
Delivery near zero	Account/asset/policy issue — check first
Conv rate dropping while spend rises	Creative fatigue or LP regression

Always check sample size. A 1-conversion difference at low volume is meaningless.

3F: Customer-Journey Coverage Audit

Run this lens for account audits, full-funnel reviews, requests about TOF/MOF/BOF, or questions about what to create next. Follow references/customer-journey-coverage.md.

Start by identifying whether the account is consolidated, funnel-segmented, hybrid, or unclear. Then evaluate whether the account supports these customer jobs:

• Create demand — reach and persuade potential new customers
• Build consideration — educate, demonstrate, establish proof, and answer comparisons
• Convert intent — remove objections, present the offer, and help high-intent customers act

Campaigns and ads are evidence for the coverage map; they are not objects that must each receive one TOF/MOF/BOF label. One campaign or creative may support multiple customer jobs. Only make a stage-specific claim when the audience, message, offer, destination, or optimization event supports it.

Identify gaps in coverage, messaging, handoffs, delivery, or measurement. Do not report a missing stage merely because there is no campaign named after that stage, and do not recommend splitting a consolidated campaign unless the evidence shows a specific problem that separation would test.

Phase 4: Synthesize Through the Breakdown Effect Lens

Before writing the report, restate every performance finding from Phase 3 in terms of what the system is trying to do:

"Placement A shows $10 average CPA vs Placement B's $15. Time-series shows A's CPA rising. The system is correctly shifting toward B because B's marginal CPA is now lower. Recommendation: do nothing on placements; test new creative in A to lower its marginal CPA."

If a performance finding can't be restated in marginal/system-mechanics terms, it's probably noise — drop it. For coverage findings, require evidence from the customer journey and state confidence explicitly.

Phase 5: Generate the Report

Use this exact structure. No deviation.

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
   - 2–3 sentences on overall health
   - Top 1 thing to do, top 1 thing NOT to do

2. EVALUATION LEVEL
   - Stated explicitly with the reason

3. LEARNING STATUS
   - Per-ad-set table: Active / Learning / Learning Limited
   - Caveats applied to any in-learning analysis

4. PERFORMANCE OVERVIEW
   - Standardized metric naming (see table below)
   - Aggregate first, then drill-down
   - Compare to target where given, benchmarks otherwise

5. CUSTOMER-JOURNEY COVERAGE (include for account/funnel audits)
   - Account model: Consolidated / Funnel-segmented / Hybrid / Unclear
   - Table: Customer job / What exists / Gap or no gap / Evidence / Confidence / Next test
   - Customer jobs: Create demand / Build consideration / Convert intent
   - One campaign or ad may support multiple jobs
   - Never infer a gap from campaign names alone

6. DIAGNOSIS
   - Findings from Phase 3, each tagged to its lens
     (Marginal / Relevance / Overlap / Pacing / Fluctuation / Coverage)
   - Each finding cites specific data

7. RECOMMENDATIONS
   - Each = hypothesis + expected impact + how to test
   - Marked Critical / High / Medium / Low priority
   - Anything paused/scaled has a rollback plan
   - For guided reports, end with no more than three prioritized actions

8. BREAKDOWN EFFECT NOTES
   - Explicit callouts where average ≠ marginal
   - "Do not do X" warnings if the data tempts a wrong move

Output Standards (Mandatory)

These are not style suggestions. Violating them produces wrong analysis.

• Never recommend pausing or reducing budget on a segment based solely on higher average CPA/CPM in a breakdown report. Removing it often raises total cost. State this explicitly when the data tempts a wrong move.
• Every recommendation includes: evidence cited from the data + the system mechanic that explains it + expected impact + a rollback plan if it doesn't work.
• Every recommendation is a hypothesis, not a directive. Use "test", "try", "hypothesize" — not "do this".
• Disambiguate clicks. Never use bare "clicks". Use Clicks (all) for total interactions or Link Clicks for offsite clicks.
• Audience size language. Use "Accounts Center accounts" or a bare number. Never "people". If quoting a specific count, use "person" as the noun (e.g., "17,000 person").
• Check get_recommendations first if you have live API access. If your recommendation diverges from Meta's, explicitly explain why.
• Treat TOF/MOF/BOF as a diagnostic lens, not a required campaign structure. Never recommend three separate campaigns merely because three funnel stages exist.
• Do not force one stage label onto every ad. Map customer-journey coverage at account level; allow one campaign or creative to support multiple jobs.
• Separate absence of evidence from evidence of absence. Missing creative, audience, landing-page, or event data lowers confidence; it does not prove a funnel gap.
• Make guided reports understandable without media-buying experience. Spell out acronyms on first use, explain why each gap matters, and separate the finding from the next action. Keep the underlying analysis identical to expert mode.

Metric Naming Standard

Always rename raw metric names to these standardized display names in any output:

Raw	Display
impressions	Impressions
reach	Reach (Accounts Center accounts)
frequency	Frequency
spend	Amount Spent
cpm	CPM
clicks	Clicks (all)
cpc	CPC (all)
ctr	CTR (all)
cost_per_action_type:link_click	CPC (Link Click)
outbound_clicks_ctr	Outbound CTR
actions:purchase	Purchases
action_values:purchase	Purchase Value
cost_per_action_type:purchase	Cost per Purchase
purchase_roas	Purchase ROAS (return on ad spend)
video_thruplay_watched_actions	ThruPlays

Reference: Domain Concepts

The Breakdown Effect

The misinterpretation that Meta's system shifts budget into "underperforming" segments. In reality the system maximizes total results by optimizing for marginal efficiency. A breakdown report sliced by placement, demographic, or device shows averages — but the system optimizes for the next dollar, not the average. A segment with high average CPA may be protecting overall campaign efficiency by preventing even higher marginal cost elsewhere.

Learning Phase

Delivery state where the system is exploring how to deliver a new or significantly edited ad set. Performance is less stable, CPA is typically higher, and results are not predictive of long-term performance. Exits after ~50 optimization events within 7 days of the last significant edit. Don't edit during learning (resets the clock). Don't fragment with too many ad sets (each needs its own 50 events). Use realistic budgets — too small or too large gives bad signal.

Auction Overlap

When ad sets share overlapping audiences within the same ad account, only the highest-value ad from your portfolio enters each auction. The others are excluded. Symptoms: chronic Learning Limited, underspending, erratic delivery. Fix: consolidate ad sets, or pause the lower-performing overlapping ones to free up auction entries.

Pacing

The system spreads spend across the day/period to capture best opportunities. Daily under/overspend is by design — only sustained underspend (3+ days) is a real signal.

Creative Fatigue

Effectiveness decreases as the same audience sees the same creative repeatedly. Watch frequency (>3–4 in a 7-day window for prospecting) and conversion-rate decline while spend stays flat. Refresh creative on a rotation rather than waiting for fatigue to show in CPA.

Performance Fluctuations

Day-to-day CPA variation within 20–30% is normal. Weekend/weekday differences are normal. Sudden ≥50% sustained cost increases over 3+ days, near-zero delivery, or conv-rate drops while spend rises are the only patterns worth diagnosing as "problems."

What This Skill Will Not Do

• Will not write to your ad account. Pure analysis. Use Meta Ads Manager or whatever write tool the calling agent has available for execution.
• Will not generate creative. Use messaging-ab-tester for variants and ad-angle-miner for source material.
• Will not analyze landing pages. Use ad-to-landing-page-auditor — and use it whenever Conversion Rate Ranking is below average.
• Will not multi-platform compare. Use ad-campaign-analyzer for cross-channel budget reallocation.
• Will not require separate TOF, MOF, and BOF campaigns. It audits whether the customer journey is supported, regardless of whether the account is consolidated, segmented, or hybrid.
• Will not classify every ad into one funnel stage. Individual ads are evidence and may support multiple customer jobs.

Related Skills

• ad-campaign-analyzer — Multi-platform performance review and budget reallocation. Run this first if you have multiple channels; run meta-ads-analyzer after for the Meta-specific deep dive.
• ad-to-landing-page-auditor — Always pair with this when Conversion Rate Ranking is below average.
• messaging-ab-tester — Generate variants when creative fatigue is the diagnosis.
• meta-ads-campaign-builder — Architect a new campaign when the diagnosis points to "rebuild, don't fix".

Credit

Meta system-mechanics framing (Breakdown Effect, Learning Phase, Auction Overlap reference content) adapted from an MIT-licensed Meta ads analyzer project by Mathias Chu.